Italy, officially the Italian Republic, covers an area of approximately 302,068 km² and has a population of about 58.8 million (2025). Its capital is Rome, a global historical center, having been the heart of the Roman Empire and the birthplace of the Renaissance. The official language is Italian, and the currency is the Euro (€).
Italy is located in Southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula, bordering the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Tyrrhenian, and Ionian Seas. It includes major islands like Sicily and Sardinia, in addition to the Alps in the north, with the highest peak, Mont Blanc, reaching 4,810 meters.